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c2000 Bodies of StoneTM
Energy Production of
"The Body Machine"
ATP, after being synthesized as mentioned above, is stored into muscle tissue for every day movements such as climbing stairs. But in the case of resistance exercise, ATP is created in a period of sustained muscle contraction where the cells resort to the use of Creatine phosphate and ADP to create more ATP, which provides about 30 seconds of energy. Then the muscle resorts to the conversion and/or use of stored muscle glycogen to produce even more ATP and a sustained contraction past 35 seconds. The end product of this process is then converted into Pyruvate which can be used in the presence of oxygen to produce even more ATP for a sustained workout.
During a set of continuous tension, oxygen in the muscle cell membrane is impermeable. Meaning, when the cell is in a contracted state, nothing can get either in or out, including oxygen, actually putting pressure of fluid on the outside of the cell membrane. The molecular element lactic acid on the inside can not get out during a sustained muscle contraction, which is partially responsible for contractile failure.
The amount of work that can be performed is limited to the amount of intracellular stored energy. This process in the absence of oxygen is known as anaerobic glycol sis.
1.
90% Glucose
90% Glucose2.5% Oxygen
5% Oxygen3.5% Fatty Acids
5% Fatty AcidsWhen a contraction includes brief periods of relaxation, oxygen is taken up from outside the cell to assist pyruvate to produce more ATP. This relaxation period slightly increases the duration of contraction. Also, oxygen uptake during this short period of relaxation acts to offset the accumulation of the end product of anaerobic glycol sis, lactic acid. Thus, a prolonged contraction. ATP produced from pyruvate in the presence of oxygen is a process called oxidative phosphorylation.
1.50% Pyruvate
50% Pyruvate2.40% Oxygen
40% Oxygen3.10% Fatty Acids
10% Fatty AcidsSince the heart and lungs are somewhat slow in delivering oxygen during the onset of aerobic activity, pyruvate is used for energy until the heart and lungs catch up to keep with the oxygen demand. Because the heart is not able to provide oxygenated blood at the onset of exercise, breathing tends to be extremely labored, until the heart catches up to provide oxygen to the working muscle, indicating the majority of energy provided to produce ATP comes from oxygen, glucose and fatty acids. Fatty acids require a lot of oxygen they can be used to produce ATP for energy production. Simply put, performing aerobic activity increases the amount of fatty acids used for energy. This form of energy production is referred to as Beta Oxidation.
1.33% Pyruvate
33% Pyruvate2.33% Oxygen
33% Oxygen3.33% Fatty Acids
33% Fatty AcidsAnd there you have it, an energy producing machine broken down into a physiological explanation for your future reference.
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Fitness
If you have ever pondered about the intricate ways in which our body produces energy, this explanation should quell your curiosity.
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a compound containing adenine and the sugar ribose and three phosphate groups: it occurs in all cells of the body and is formed by the enzymatic breakdown of ATP to adenosine monophosphate (AMP), which only contains one phosphate. The chemical bonds of the phosphate groups store energy needed by the cell. For muscle contraction; this energy is released when ATP is split into adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or AMP using energy produced by the breakdown of glycogen.
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